![page-title-education acute pancreatitis](https://rebeccaswish.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/page-title-education.png)
“From mild disease to multiorgan failure and sepsis, acute pancreatitis is a disorder that has numerous causes, an obscure pathogenesis, and an often unpredictable outcome.”
Where is the Pancreas?
![Where Are The Pancreas acute pancreatitis](https://rebeccaswish.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/Where-Are-The-Pancreas.png)
The pancreas is a long gland behind the stomach in the upper area of the abdomen. The pancreas has 2 main functions:
1. Produces enzymes that help you digest food.
2. Releases hormones such as insulin and glucagon that helps your body process sugar.
What Causes Acute Pancreatitis in Children?
- Drug
- Idiopathic/Genetic
- Biliary
- Trauma
- Congenital
- Systemic/ autoimmune
![36427198_1119175601557261_7032333507758129152_n acute pancreatitis](https://rebeccaswish.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/36427198_1119175601557261_7032333507758129152_n.png)
![37185167_1134308803377274_7035707900353839104_n acute pancreatitis](https://rebeccaswish.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/37185167_1134308803377274_7035707900353839104_n.png)
Complicated Pancreatitis
Complicated Pancreatitis is a maturing collection of pancreatic juice encased by reactive granulation tissue which has developed as a consequence of acute or chronic pancreatitis.
Symptoms: Abdominal pain, Nausea & food intolerance and Fever
Therapy: Surgery, Percutaneous drainage and Endoscopic drainage techniques
Acute Recurrent Pancreatitis
2 or more episodes of pancreatitis within one year, and generally progresses to chronic pancreatitis.
There are many causes of Acute Recurrent Pancreatitis:
Mechanical: Stones/sludge/microlithiasi, Pancreatic strictures, Pancreatic stones, Sphincter stenosis / dyskinesia (SOD)
Toxic: ETOH
Genetic: Autoimmune, SPINK I, Cystic Fibrosis, Hereditary
Metabolic: Hypertriglyceridemia, Hypercalcemia
Congenital: Annular pancreas, Choledochocele, Pancreatic Divisum
Drugs: Multiple
The goal of therapy is to prevent further attacks of acute pancreatitis.
Chronic Pancreatitis
Chronic Pancreatitis is a Scarring of the pancreas as a result of repeated injuries.
Mechanisms of pain: Pancreatic duct hypertension, Pancreatic outflow obstruction, Papillary stenosis, PD stone, stricture, Pseudocyst, Perineural inflammation, Occult pancreatic carcinoma
Management of Pain: Octreotide, Antioxidants, Low-fat diet, Analgesics, Pancreatic enzymes, Experimental, Endoscopic Tx, Surgical Tx
Endoscopic Retrograde
Cholangio-Pancreatography
![Biliary-Endoscopy-1 acute pancreatitis](https://rebeccaswish.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/Biliary-Endoscopy-1.jpg)
Scope that allows access to the biliary and pancreatic ductal systems and deliver therapies.
Endoscopic
UltraSound
![Biliary-Endoscopy-2 acute pancreatitis](https://rebeccaswish.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/Biliary-Endoscopy-2.jpg)
Scope that allows the best visualization of the pancreas, liver, gallbladder and ductal systems.
Pancreatic biopsies and injections can be performed.
Obstructive Chronic Pancreatitis
Therapeutic Approach
Endoscopic Therapies:
Sphincterotomy, Stone removal, PD stenting, Celiac neurolysis
Surgical Therapies:
Sphincteroplasty, Peustow, Whipple, Pancreatectomy c Islet cell Transplant (TPAIT)
*Careful selection process, mandatory